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For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation).

Tiger

Conservation status: Endangered

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Felidae

Genus: Panthera

Species: P. tigris

Binomial name

Panthera tigris

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family, one of four "big cats" that belong to the Panthera genus. Tigers are predatory carnivores.

Most tigers live in forests and grasslands (for which their camouflage is ideally suited). Of all the big cats, only the tiger and jaguar are strong swimmers, and tigers may often be found bathing in ponds, lakes and rivers. Tigers hunt alone, and their diet consists primarily of medium-sized herbivores such as deer, wild pigs and buffalo, but they will also take larger or smaller prey if the circumstances demand it.

Different subspecies of tiger have somewhat different characteristics. In general, male tigers may weigh between 150 and 310 kilograms (330 lb and 680 lb) and females between 100 and 160 kg (220 lb and 350 lb). The males are between 2.6 and 3.3 metres (8'6" and 10'9") in length, and the females are between 2.3 and 2.75 metres (7'6" and 9') in length. Of the more common subspecies, Corbetts Tigers are the smallest and Amur Tigers the largest.

The ground of the coat may be any colour from yellow to orange/red, with white areas on the chest, neck, and the inside of the legs. A common recessive variant is the white tiger, which may occur with the correct combination of parents; they are not albinos. Black or melanistic tigers have been reported, but no live specimen has ever been recorded. Also in existence are golden tabby tigers (also called "golden tigers" or "tabby tigers") which have a golden hue, much lighter than the colouration of normal tigers, and stripes that are brown. This variation in colour is very rare, and only a handful of golden tabby tigers exist, all in captivity.

The stripes of most tigers vary from brown/grey to pure black, although white tigers have far fewer apparent stripes. The form and density of stripes differs between subspecies, but most tigers have in excess of 100 stripes. The now extinct Javan Tiger may have had far more than this. The pattern of stripes is unique to each animal, and thus could potentially be used to identify individuals, much in the same way as fingerprints are used to identify people. This is not, however, a preferred method of identification, due to the difficulty of recording the stripe pattern of a wild tiger. It seems likely that the purpose of stripes is camouflage, serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have colour vision as capable as that of humans, so the colour is not so great a problem as one might suppose).

Tigers ordinarily overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, ordinarily breaking the prey's spinal column or windpipe, or severing the jugular vein or carotid artery.

For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation).

Tiger

Conservation status: Endangered

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Felidae

Genus: Panthera

Species: P. tigris

Binomial name

Panthera tigris

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Tigers (Panthera tigris) are mammals of the Felidae family, one of four "big cats" that belong to the Panthera genus. Tigers are predatory carnivores.

Most tigers live in forests and grasslands (for which their camouflage is ideally suited). Of all the big cats, only the tiger and jaguar are strong swimmers, and tigers may often be found bathing in ponds, lakes and rivers. Tigers hunt alone, and their diet consists primarily of medium-sized herbivores such as deer, wild pigs and buffalo, but they will also take larger or smaller prey if the circumstances demand it.

Contents [showhide]

1 Physical characteristics

2 Method of killing

3 Subspecies

3.1 Extinct

4 Tigers in literature and popular culture

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Physical characteristics

Different subspecies of tiger have somewhat different characteristics. In general, male tigers may weigh between 150 and 310 kilograms (330 lb and 680 lb) and females between 100 and 160 kg (220 lb and 350 lb). The males are between 2.6 and 3.3 metres (8'6" and 10'9") in length, and the females are between 2.3 and 2.75 metres (7'6" and 9') in length. Of the more common subspecies, Corbetts Tigers are the smallest and Amur Tigers the largest.

White TigerThe ground of the coat may be any colour from yellow to orange/red, with white areas on the chest, neck, and the inside of the legs. A common recessive variant is the white tiger, which may occur with the correct combination of parents; they are not albinos. Black or melanistic tigers have been reported, but no live specimen has ever been recorded. Also in existence are golden tabby tigers (also called "golden tigers" or "tabby tigers") which have a golden hue, much lighter than the colouration of normal tigers, and stripes that are brown. This variation in colour is very rare, and only a handful of golden tabby tigers exist, all in captivity.

The stripes of most tigers vary from brown/grey to pure black, although white tigers have far fewer apparent stripes. The form and density of stripes differs between subspecies, but most tigers have in excess of 100 stripes. The now extinct Javan Tiger may have had far more than this. The pattern of stripes is unique to each animal, and thus could potentially be used to identify individuals, much in the same way as fingerprints are used to identify people. This is not, however, a preferred method of identification, due to the difficulty of recording the stripe pattern of a wild tiger. It seems likely that the purpose of stripes is camouflage, serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have colour vision as capable as that of humans, so the colour is not so great a problem as one might suppose).

Method of killing

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Tiger5.jpg

Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)Tigers ordinarily overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, ordinarily breaking the prey's spinal column or windpipe, or severing the jugular vein or carotid artery.

Subspecies

There are eight separate subspecies of tiger, three of which are extinct and one of which is almost certain to become so in the near future. Their historical range (severely diminished today) ran through Russia, Siberia, Iran, Afghanistan, India, China and southeast Asia, including the Indonesian islands.

South China tiger has round head, short ears, thick and powerful limbs, long tail, more milky white in chest and abdomen, orange and yellow with black stripes. There are short and narrow stripes on fur, the distance between stripes is larger than that of Bengal tiger and Siberian tiger。

and diamond-shaped stripes often appear on the body side, which is smaller in subspecies tiger. South China Tiger feeds on herbivorous animals such as wild boar, deer and roe deer. It is one of the top ten endangered animals in China and a national first-class protected animal. The red species list is extremely endangered.

华南虎头圆，耳短，四肢粗大有力，尾较长，胸腹部杂有较多的乳白色，全身橙**并布满黑色横纹。毛皮上有既短又窄的条纹，条纹的间距较孟加拉虎、西伯利亚虎的大，体侧还常出现菱形纹，在亚种老虎中体型较小。华南虎以草食性动物野猪、鹿、狍等为食，是中国的十大濒危动物之一、国家一级保护动物，红色物种名录极度濒危。

活动

主要生活在中国南方的森林山地。华南虎虽不喜欢长途泅水，却能游过较狭窄的海峡，所以还出现在像厦门等地的岛屿上。多单独生活，不成群，多在夜间活动，嗅觉发达，行动敏捷，善于游泳，但不善于爬树。与其他的虎的亚种相似。

食性

华南虎主要是猎食有蹄类动物，最喜欢的体形约为30-400磅，以草食性动物野猪、鹿、狍等为食；雄性华南虎则会攻击较大型的猎物，如黑熊及马来熊等。一般来说，一只老虎的生存至少需要70平方公里的森林，还必须生存有200只梅花鹿、300只羚羊和150只野猪。野生华南虎吃新鲜肉，捕食对象包括野猪、野牛和鹿类，体重30-900公斤不等，野外已经了无踪迹。

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