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　身体健康是从物质意义对人的生活质量的理解。下面是我带来的 医学英语 科普 文章 ，欢迎阅读!

　 医学英语科普文章1

　话说水果、蔬菜和疾病

　Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份没效果

　One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.

　For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' ? that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and reduce thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.

　The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.

　Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.

　Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.

　However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.

　Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.

　It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.

　But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a 2.5% reduction in cancers is still a positive step.

　Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."

　 医学英语科普文章2

　致命的军团杆菌

　legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.

　an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may produce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.

　the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.

　军团病是一种非常严重的、有时可以致命的肺炎。军团病是由军团杆菌引起，这种细菌产生在自然环境中，在温水里及潮热的地方蔓延。人工供水系统有时也能为军团杆菌的大量繁殖提供生存环境。这些系统包括淋浴器、矿泉池、喷泉以及空调设备的冷却水塔。人们通常是由于呼吸了被军团杆菌污染的水源散发的水雾而传染上军团病的。

　据估计，在美国每年都有国每年都有8000~18000人感染上军团病。有些军团病感染者所表现出来的症状比较温和，甚至根本就没有得病的迹象。军团病患者通常有发烧、畏寒及干咳或咳痰等表现。部分患者还有肌肉疼痛、头痛、疲劳、食欲不振及偶尔腹泻等症状。这种病的潜伏期约为的潜天。许多病例表明，出现症状需要状需要5~6天的时间。军团病可以用红霉素等抗生素进行治疗，越早治疗效果越好。

　军团病已知的首次爆发是在发是1976年美国费城，221人感染疾病，其中死亡34人。由于大多的死者都是军团成员，因此称为军团病。该病的第二次大爆发是1985年在英国的斯塔福德医院。这次101个被感染者中有28人死亡。

　 医学英语科普文章3

　女性最佳生育年龄

　For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s ? focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids ? the current average age of first-time moms is up to 26.3, up from 24.9 just 15 years ago.

　对于想要孩子的女性来说，合适的时间是一个艰难的决定。近年来，很多女性选择在20岁末甚至30多岁才要孩子，主要原因是她们忙于完成学业、发展职业生涯、旅行、甚至选择在为人父母之前偿还助学贷款。数据表明，女性的生育年龄越来越晚生第一胎的平均年龄从15年前的24.9岁上升到现在的是26.3岁。

　The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there?s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?

　要孩子的选择是一个非常私人的话题，选择什么时候做母亲都没有错。但是英国米德兰生育诊所的医学主任Gillian Lockwood表示，我们的身体有一个最佳的生育年龄。你能猜到是多少岁吗?

　I?ll give you a hint: it?s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.

　提醒一下：最佳的生育年龄是在大多数人的?青年危机?时，也是我们终于能租得起车的时候。

　Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.

　Lockwood表示，是的，最佳的生育年龄是25岁。

　Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it?s also the age when motherhood is low on many women?s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:

　Lockwood医生说，不幸的是，对很多25岁的女性来说，成为母亲并不在她们的优先任务清单上面。Lockwood医生在《伦敦标准晚报》上解释说：

　?Age 25 is exactly the time when today?s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.?

　?25岁的当代年轻女性刚刚大学 毕业 ，事业起步，忙于偿还助学贷款，找男朋友，努力买房。?

　Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. ?The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,? she said. ?Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working While that may be Dr. Lockwood?s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.

　Lockwood医生还批判了向40多岁女性推销不孕疗法的行为。?事实很残酷，如果你超过了40岁，用卵子进行体外受精的成功几率非常低，?她说。?谁会允许甚至鼓励病人做成功几率低于5%的择期手术这是Lockwood医生的观点，但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很愿意抓住这些机会。

　It?s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when ? and IF ? you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what?s right for you.

　特别强调的是，很多因素会影响要孩子的时间，只有你自己可以决定是否想成为一位母亲。不管你是在20岁、30岁、40岁甚至更大的年龄要孩子，是自己生、**还是收养，你都要听从自己的身体，做出对生活有意义的选择。你知道什么是最适合自己的。

拔罐法又名“火罐气”、“吸筒疗法”，古代称之为“角法”。是以罐为工具，利用燃火、抽气等方法产生负压，使之吸附于体表，造成局部瘀血，从而达到防病治疗的目的。拔罐疗法在中国有着悠久的 历史 ，早在成书于西汉时期的帛书《五十二病方》中就有关于“角法”的记载。但拔罐法并非我国所独有，在国外古希腊、古罗马时代也曾经盛行拔罐疗法。

我国传统医学认为拔罐疗法具有温通经络、祛风散寒、调节脏腑、调和气血、平衡阴阳、发汗解表、行气活血等作用。

拔罐产生的真空负压，其吸拔力作用在经络、穴位上，可将腠理打开并使局部充血，使体内的病理物质通过皮肤孔窍排出体外，从而使经络气血得以疏通，使脏腑功能得以调整，以达到防治疾病的目的。

现代医学认为拔罐疗法的负压作用使局部的毛细血管通透性变化和毛细血管破裂，少量血液进入组织间隙，从而产生瘀血，红细胞受到破坏，血红蛋白释出，加强了新陈代谢，使体内的废物、毒素加速排出。

不同罐法不同作用 。如走罐具有与按摩疗法、保健刮痧疗法相似的效应，可以改善皮肤的呼吸和营养，有利于汗腺和皮脂腺的分泌；如药罐法，在罐内负压和温热作用下，局部毛孔、汗腺开放，毛细血管扩张，血液循环加快，药物可更多地被直接吸收，其药罐法的局部治疗作用就更为明显；水罐法以温经散寒为主；刺络拔罐法以逐瘀化滞、解闭通结为主；针罐结合则因选用的针法不同，可产生多种效应。

竹罐：南方地区常用，取坚实成熟的竹筒，一头开口，一头留节作底。根据罐的口径大小，用于体表不同部位的治疗，如口径大的用于面积较大的腰背及臀部。口径小的，用于四肢关节部位。至于日久不常用的竹火罐，过于干燥，容易透进空气。临用前，可用温水浸泡几分钟，使竹罐质地紧密不漏空气然后再用。

陶罐：使用陶土，作成口圆肚大，再涂上黑釉或黄釉，经窑里烧制的叫陶瓷火罐。有大、中、小和特小的几种，陶瓷罐，里外光滑，吸拔力大，经济实用。

玻璃罐：玻璃火罐，是用耐热硬质玻璃烧制的。肚大口小，罐口边缘略突向外，清晰透明，便于观察，罐口光滑吸拔力好，现已被人们广泛地使用起来了。

抽气罐：多用透明塑料制成，不易破碎。上置活塞，可用手动或机械抽气不产生明火，方便携带治疗。

根据排气方式分类 ：火罐（通过燃烧空气产生罐内负压）、水罐(通过热水或水蒸气产生罐内负压）、抽气罐（抽出空气使罐内产生负压）。

根据拔罐方式分类 ：闪罐（吸拔后当即起去，反复多次)，留罐(吸拔后留置一段时间)，推罐（吸拔后在皮肤表面来回往复）。

根据搭配的其它疗法分类 ：药罐（用药水煎煮竹罐后吸拔罐内盛储药液），针罐（在留针的过程中，加拔罐），刺血拔罐（用三棱针，皮肤针等刺出血后拔罐）。

1.有出血性疾病者。

2.精神过于紧张、醉酒、过饥、过饱、过劳、抽搐不合作者。

3.重度心脏病、呼吸衰竭、皮肤局部溃烂或高度过敏、活动性肺结核、全身消瘦以致皮肤失去弹性、全身高度浮肿者及恶性肿瘤患者。

4.妊娠妇女腹部、腰骶部及五官部位、前后二阴等、面部及儿童禁用重手法。

5.局部有疝疾病（如脐疝、腹壁疝、腹股沟疝等）、静脉曲张、癌肿等。

1.潮红和淡红表现的是阳性，红本身是暖色调，体现的是体内的阳气和热气。局部有潮红的时候往往是有热，淡红往往是大部分正常人的反应，颜色比皮肤稍微红一些，一般起罐15分钟至半个小时左右就能消掉了。

2. 紫红色是大部分拔罐病人的反应，因为大部分拔罐病人的都是局部有酸痛，是寒性的反应。而暗红色一般是夹杂紫色，一般都是刚刚受寒受风的病人会出现。

3. 黑斑代表着寒性，黑斑的多少和大小代表寒性的大小，黑斑越多，寒性越大。

4. 水泡一般是湿气的反应，不管是在皮肤上起了小水泡，还是有大的水泡，起了水泡都是代表体内有湿气。

5. 罐中有水珠，往往表示病人的湿气非常重，而且有寒性的湿气。有一部分人还会在拔罐局部的毛孔上出现水珠，这样的病人往往是极度受寒极度寒湿的患者。

拔罐治疗在呼吸系统疾病的防治方面，亦有突出的效果。例如感受风寒引起的咳嗽，可选取足太阳膀胱经在背部的腧穴留罐治疗；风热引起的咳嗽伴发热，可选取大椎、尺泽、肺俞进行三棱针点刺放血后拔罐治疗，退热效果迅速。对于感冒引起的周身肌肉酸痛，可取足太阳膀胱经和督脉进行走罐治疗。痰多、咽喉痛可在天突、膻中、肺俞进行闪罐治疗。以上的治疗建议在专业医生指导下进行。

李宁，沈阳市中医院针灸门诊主任，主任中医师，沈阳市名中医。中国针灸学会会员、辽宁省针灸学会理事、中国民族医药学会康复分会常务理事，中华中医药学会外治分会常务委员，沈阳市 健康 教育讲师团成员， 健康 教育专家库专家。从事针灸临床工作20余年， 擅长针、灸、药结合治疗面瘫、耳鸣、耳聋、眩晕、中风及其后遗症，头痛、颈肩腰腿痛、膝关节痛、带状疱疹等各种急慢性痛证。

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