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1. 订货提前期是介于制定订单和实际收到订单货物的之间的时间。如果供应商不能提供客户所需求的商品，那么公司就应当保有一些被需要的商品库存。较长的提前期和较多的数量，使公司必须保有一定的库存（安全库存）

2.IT技术是库存分类的重要技术，因为库存分类的方式影响着库存管理。

3.为了解决这个问题，许多公司使用ABC分析库存法。这种方法认为，库存不具有其同等价值，因此，库存管理也不必用同样的方法。根据ABC分析法，20%库存占有80%的库存成本费用。因此，公司能够控制其80%的库存成本的监测和控制20%的库存.但是 ，它必须是正确的20%。

4.集装箱运输增加了海上货物运输的快速性，经济性和安全性。

5.集装箱运输根据货物不同的运输模式种类机械化装卸，把它们放入标准的集装箱尺寸。通过这种方法运输的货物在装船或者卸船的这几天里可以处理，在更短的时间内作为一个现代集装箱起重机可处理约一两分钟运动。众多的优势，使得集装箱运输取得了国际性的成功。

6.与传统的散货运输相比较，集装箱运输的运输成本大大的降低了。在集装箱运输之前，海运运费占零售价的5%-10%，现在这一份额已经减少到1.5％。这些主要因素通过集装箱运输使其加快了成本削减速度和灵活性。

7.集装箱内的内容物对于集装箱托运人是不可知的，它只能在原产地，海关，和目的地被开启。货物的灭失和损坏，特别是对于那些高价值的商品，因此大大的被减少了。

8.全面的运输方式分析揭示了它们各自主要业务和商业优势。因此模式，可以相互补充或其他方面的成本，速度，可得性，安全性，舒适性等。虽然多式联运运输开辟了许多机会之间的合作模式，有激烈的竞争，因为企业的竞争，现在许多模式在运输链之中。

9.有一些地方产品储存仓库被认为是一个非常临时的活动。这些仓库配送系统中充当一个结点在那些产品来自许多不同供应商，并要求迅速运出给许多客户。

10.通过供应商管理库存（VMI）可以帮助分销商和零售商，以减少库存，并实现更高的存货周转率，在中小企业的时间，供应商受益于更好的需求预测，因为早期存取数据的客户。

商务电话英语和物流英语，一些常用语句或单词词组？

The latest stage of integration in logistics is "quick response", that evolved into" efficient customer response"(ECR).This links the separate stages of the supply chain, so that a customer buying a product from a retailer automatically sends a message back' through the chain to trigger a response from the manufacturer and other suppliers.

物流整合的最后阶段是“快速响应”向“有效客户反应”（ECR）的转变。它能将供应链中各个分离的阶段联系起来，客人从零售商购买产品，系统自动通过供应链发送信息，从而得到制造商及其他供应商的回应。

For example, when a customer buys a pair of jeans in clothes shop, the EPOS system automatically sends a message back to the wholesaler to say that the stock needs replenishing, then back to the manufacturer to say that it is time to make another pair of jeans, and back to suppliers to say that they should deliver materials to the manufacturer This result is a focus on the consumer, the development of partnership relationships between retailers and their sup-pliers and an increased integration of the components of the supply chain.

例如，一位顾客在服装店购买一条牛仔裤，EPOS系统自动向批发商发送信息，表明需要补充库存；然后再发信息给制造商，表明需要制作另外一条牛仔裤；接着向供应商发送信息传达向制造商运输布料的信息。这个结果是以顾客，零售商与供应商之间的合作伙伴关系发展以及促进供应链各部分的整合为中心的。

There are clear benefits from this kind of integration of the supply chain, including:

这种供应链的整合，有很明显的好处，包括：

* Cenuine cooperation between all parts of the supply chain；（这个cenuine是什么？拼错了吧？）

我估计是：促进供应链中各方的配合；

* Eliminating duplication of effort, information, planning, etc；

消除重复劳动，重复信息以及重复规划等冗余；

* Eliminating operations that do not add value to the customer；

消除无法为顾客增加价值的运作；

* Improving efficiency and productivity to reduce costs；

提高效率和生产力，降低成本；

* Reducing stocks and response times；

减少库存，降低响应所需要的时间；

* Having actual demand trigger replenishments along the chain；

供应链中的库存增加有实际的需求为依据；

* Being more responsive to customers；

能更好的向顾客作出响应；

* Sharing information and links systems；and

共享信息和链接系统

* Using available technology including EPOS,EDI and automated order processing.

使用可行的技术，包括EPOS, EDI和自动订货流程。

Organizations are clearly seeing these benefits, and are moving towards greater integration.57 per cent of companies in the USA had some form of integrated supply chain management. Most of the integration consisted of transport, warehousing and inventory, with fewer organizations including functions such as production planning, procurement or sales order processing. Significantly, more than 90 per cent of companies expected an increase in integration over the next three years, with a quarter of companies moving to "fully integrated" systems. only 2 per cent of companies had currently established ECR functions, but this is forecast to increase to 37 per cent over the next three years.

各个组织机构都明白这些好处，并且向更完善的整合努力。在美国，有57%的公司有供应链整合的管理。大部分整合包括运输，仓库，库存。有少部分组织机构对生产规划，采购或者销售订单处理有进行管理。有超过90%的企业期待未来三年有进一步的整合，其中有四分之一的企业朝着“完全整合”系统前进。只有2%的企业在最近建立起ECR，但这个数字在未来三年预计会增加到37%。

Despite the different understandings of what full integration and even ECR mean, there is clearly an important move towards more integration of the supply chain.

尽管对“完全整合”以及ECR的定义各有说辞，但是很明显供应链的整合具有重大意义。

高分悬赏翻译关于物流存货方面的英文文献，最好专业英语，可以追加，我的分全部奉上

常用商务电话英语:

请问你找谁？ Who would you like to speak to?

请问你找谁？ May I help you?

他不在办公室 He is not in the office!

他今天休息，不上班 = He is off today, so he won't be in the office.

你可以打他的手机 = You can call him by his cellphone.

现在是午休时间，他不在办公室 = It is lunch break at the moment, he is not in the office.

他1点半上班，到时再打他电话。= He will be back at one-thirty, please call back later.

他出去了，一小时后回来。 = He is out, he will be back in an hour.

我不太会说英语，很抱歉。 = I don't speak much English, I'm sorry.

他还未到，5分钟后可以找到他。 = He is not here yet, but he will be back in five minutes.

他正过来，请稍等 = He is coming, please wait.

物流英语常用50句:

1．Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world.

现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。

2．Logistics is part of a supply chain.

物流是供应链的整体组成部分。

3．Logistics is anything but a newborn baby.

物流不是新鲜事。

4．Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”.

物流是独特的全球通道。

5．Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information.

物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流动。

6．Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc.

物流操作和管理包括包装、仓储、物料搬运、库存控制、运输、预测、战略计划和客户服务等方面。

7．Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information.

物流由仓储、运输、装卸、搬运、包装、加工、配送和物流信息所组成。

8．Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics.

物流可以分成供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、回收物流和废弃物物流。

9．Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production..

物流是当今工业生产增加利润的最后领域。

10．Logistics is unique, and it never stops!

物流是独特的，它从不停止。

11．Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year.

物流运作一天24小时、一周7天、一年52星期在全球发生。

12．Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired.

物流所涉及的是在需要的时候和在需要的地方去的产品和服务的活动。

13．Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。

14．Logistics is a hot topic in China。

中国掀起了物流热。

15．The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.

物流的总目标是以最低的总成本实现客户服务的目标水平。

16．It is important that persons involved in day-to-day logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics.

重要的是，从事日常物流工作的人员应对物流有个基本的了解。

17．Logistics must be managed as a core competency.

物流必须作为一个核心能力来管理。

18．Logistics competency directly depends on a firm’s strategic positioning.

物流能力是有一家公司的战略定位直接决定的。

19．Logistics service is a balance of service priority and cost.

物流服务是服务优先与成本间的平衡。

20．A lot of books on logistics, either in Chinese or in English, were published in 2002.

2002年出版了大量的中、英文物流书籍。

21．There is great room for logistics development in China.

在中国，物流发展有巨大的空间。

22．I wish to make logistics my lifetime career.

我愿把物流作为我的终生事业。

23．ABC classification is quite useful in inventory control.

ABC分类管理在库存控制方面十分有用。

24．The JIT production system was developed by the Toyota Motor Company about 50 years ago.

准时制生产是大约50年前由丰田汽车公司开发出来。

25．Just-in-time (JIT) techniques are sometimes referred to as just-in-time production,just-in-time purchasing and just-in-time delivery.

准时制技术有时称为准时制生产、准时制采购和准时制交付。

26．The key to JIT operations is that the demand for components and materials depends on the finalized production schedule.

准时制作业的关键是对配件和物料的需求根据最终生产进度来决定。

27．There are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport, truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport.

基本运输方式有五种，他们是水陆运输、铁路运输、汽车运输、航空运输和管道运输。

28．Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems.

运输是物流系统设计和管理中至关重要的组成部分。

29．If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost.

如果过量库存，不仅会造成仓库费用而且在很多方面会产生费用，如资产成本和它所产生的利息，以及税收、保险和商品变成陈旧物的成本。

30．Packing can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging.

包装可以分成工业包装和消费包装两种。

31．Packaging about protect the goods against damages during handling, storing and transportation.

包装应能保护货物在搬运、储存和运输过程中免受损坏。

32．Due to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged.

由于包装不善，货物严重受损。

33．Things like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to reduce production cost so that natural resources are saved.

塑料、钢铁和玻璃这样的物品能回收利用以降低生产成本、节约自然资源。

34．Both buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the reduction in the number of suppliers.

买卖双方都能从减少供应商的数量上获取许多利益。

35．Just-in-time strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for production.

准时制战略确保在降低库存水平的同时能得到生产所需的物料。

36．The goal of just-in-time purchasing is zero inventory.

准时制采购的目标是零库存。

37．Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain.

信息对供应链的运作是至关重要的。

38．Setting inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.

制定库存水平需要下游客户需求信息、上游供应链可供信息和当前的库存水平信息。

39．The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s.

供应链管理的理念最初在20世纪80年代提出。

40．Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, material flow and cash flow with a view to strengthening competitiveness.

供应链管理就是对信息流、物料流和资金流进行设计、计划和控制以增强竞争力。

（或：供应链管理是指为增强竞争力而对信息流、物料流和资金流进行的设计、策划和控制）

41．Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service.

海洋运输是国际物流服务的重要环节。

42．There are two types of shipping markets: the liner market and the tramp market.

航运市场分为两类：班轮运输和不定期船运输。

43．A Container Load Plan is of five copies, each of which is to be given respectively to the terminal, the carrier, the shipping agent, the shipper and the party that stuffs the container.

集装箱装箱单一式五份，分别交给集装箱码头、承运人、船务代理、托运人和装箱人。

44．After the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is handed to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board according to the stowage plan.

货物装箱后，就拖运到集装箱堆场并根据积载图装上船。

45．A container terminal connects sea and land, transferring containers to and from ships. It is capable of handling containers more quickly, economically, accurately and in greater volumes than conventional ports.

集装箱码头连接陆运和海运，经船上装运集装箱。在装卸搬运上，集装箱码头比普通杂货码头更快、更经济、更准确、吞吐量更大。

46．Information is a key to the success of logistics.

信息是物流成功的关键。

47．Warehousing is not a new business, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics.

仓储不是新的行业，但他在现代物流中有了新的功能。

48．Inventory control can effectively reduce logistics cost.

库存控制能有效地降低物流成本。

49．Packing and sorting are two activities in logistics.

包装和分拣是物流中的两项活动。

50．A supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers and so on that supply each other with raw materials, components, products and service.

供应链的定义是一个互相提供原材料、配件、产成品和服务的由工厂、供应商、零售商等组成的网络

Strategic Inventory in Capacitated Supply Chain Procurement

供应链采购能力限制下的库存策略

We study the strategic role of inventory in a sequential two-period procurement setting, where the supplier’s capacity in the first period is limited and the retailer has the option to hold inventory.

我们研究了连续两期的采购环境中库存的策略地位，在该环境中第一期的供应能力是受限的，销售商可以选择持有库存。

We compare the equilibrium under a dynamic contract, where the decisions are made at the beginning of each period, and a commitment contract, where the decisions for both periods are made at the beginning of the first period.

我们比较了每期开始时决定的动态协议和在第一期开始时决定的每期的委托协议的平衡。

We show that there is a critical capacity level below which the outcomes under both types of contracts are identical.

我们证明存在一个临界能力水平，低于该水平这两种协议下的结果将是相同的。

When the first period capacity is above the critical level, the retailer holds inventory in equilibrium and the inventory is carried due to purely strategic reasons; as capacity increases, so does the strategic role of inventory.

当第一期能力高于临界水平时，销售商持有库存处于平衡状态，库存通过纯粹的策略原因而运作；能力上升时，库存的策略地位也上升。

The supplier always prefers lower capacity than the retailer, and the difference between supplier-optimal and supply-chain optimal capacities, and the corresponding profits, can be significant.

供应商通常愿意使自己的供应能力低于销售商，且最佳供应商和最佳供应链能力之间的不同以及相应的收益是很重要的。

Finally, we find that the retailer’s flexibility to hold inventory is not always good for the participants or for the channel.

最终，我们发现销售商灵活持有库存总是有益于参与者和渠道的。

and the retailer determines the quantity to purchase from the supplier and the retail price to

且销售商决定向供应商购买的数量以及销售价格

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